Leishmaniasis in Canines

Leishmaniasis is a disease that causes a skin infection and/or an organ infection. It is fatal if left untreated.

CAUSES:

Leishmaniasis is caused by a one-celled parasite, spread by the sand-fly.

Sand-flies absorb leishmania when they bite an infected dog, and pass on the parasite when they bite another dog.

Humans can also get infected with Leishmaniasis, but not from a dog.

SIGNS:

Organ infection:

• Lethargy

• Loss of appetite, weight loss

• Bloody diarrhea, vomiting

• Fever

• Bleeding from the nose

Skin infection:

• Hard, thick footpads with no color

• Hard lumps in the skin

• Dull and brittle hair

• Hair loss

If you notice any of the above signs, go to your veterinarian immediately, as this may lead to an enlarged spleen, kidney failure, and eventually death.

DIAGNOSIS:

Your veterinarian will suspect leishmaniasis if you have recently traveled to or live in an infested area, and may perform:

• Blood tests

• Urine tests

• Tissue biopsy

TREATMENT:

If your veterinarian finds a positive diagnosis for canine leishmaniasis, treatment may include:

• Medication

• IV fluid support

• Prescription diet

• Antibiotics

The treatment only reduces the immediate danger. The parasite stays in other organs, so relapses are common. Your dog will also be a life-long source of leishmaniasis for other dogs.

You must monitor your dog carefully and follow up with your veterinarian.

PREVENTION:

If you live in an infested area, do not let your dog outside in the evening, because sand-flies are up at night.

There are also sprays available that kill insects.

PROGNOSIS:

Most dogs with leishmaniasis will die from kidney failure.

If your dog is diagnosed and treated in the early stages of the disease, the prognosis is better.