Uveitis in Canines in Canines

The uvea is the part of the eye which supplies blood to the retina. It is made up of three parts:

1. Iris

2. Ciliary Body

3. Choroid

Uveitis is when any of these parts become inflamed. There are 3 types of uveitis:

1. Pan-uveitis: inflammation of all three parts

2. Anterior uveitis: inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

3. Posterior uveitis: inflammation of the choroid

Uveitis is painful and can harm your dog’s vision. If left untreated, uveitis can lead to other conditions like glaucoma, cataracts or retinal disease.

CAUSES: 

• Infection: viral or bacterial

• Diabetes and high blood pressure

• Tumors

• Injury to the eye

• Autoimmune diseases: the immune system attacks the dog’s own cells

SIGNS: 

• Cloudy eye

• Red eye

• Bleeding eye

• Squinting and avoiding bright lights

• Extra tearing

• Loss of vision

• Puss

DIAGNOSIS: 

In order to properly diagnose your dog with uveitis, most veterinarians will perform the following:

• Physical examination: a lot of illnesses include uveitis, so your veterinarian will need to rule out any other conditions

• Eye exam: with an ophthalmoscope or ultrasound

• Blood tests: to check for any underlying diseases

• Measure eye pressure: With uveitis, eye pressure will be low; with glaucoma, eye pressure will be high

• Aspirates: fluid samples taken from the eye with a needle for testing

TREATMENT: 

Most veterinarians will recommend the following treatment for a dog with uveitis:

• Steroids and antibiotics: eye drops, ointments and oral tablets (for pain relief, to reduce inflammation and to prevent glaucoma)

• Surgery: to repair the eye or to remove any foreign object

• Follow up visit: to monitor the eye

PREVENTION: 

For cases of uveitis that are preventable, it is best to avoid eye trauma and exposure to ticks and fungal diseases.

PROGNOSIS: 

Simple cases of uveitis that you treat quickly and properly usually improve within 24 hours. Cases that are more complicated take a few days to get better.

Severe cases can sometimes result in irreversible blindness.

Uveitis can recur, often with further complications.